{"id":1424,"date":"2019-07-18T10:27:23","date_gmt":"2019-07-18T07:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chilian.ro\/?p=1424"},"modified":"2019-07-18T10:27:23","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T07:27:23","slug":"vive-la-france-14-iulie-1789-si-tot-ce-a-urmat-adrian-papahagi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chilian.ro\/index.php\/2019\/07\/18\/vive-la-france-14-iulie-1789-si-tot-ce-a-urmat-adrian-papahagi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vive la France?!… 14 iulie 1789 \u0219i tot ce a urmat. Adrian Papahagi"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/h5>\n
\"Adrian<\/a>

Adrian Papahagi 14 iulie 1789 \u0219i tot ce a urmatAdrian Papahagi<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Adrian PapahagiUn articol de:\u00a0<\/a>Conf. Dr. Adrian Papahagi<\/a><\/p>\n

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July 13\u00a0 2019\u00a0<\/span><\/abbr><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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14 iulie 1789 \u0219i tot ce a urmat<\/p>\n

Fran\u021bei lui Ludovic al XVI-lea, pacificate, unite \u0219i prospere ca niciodat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, i se ur\u00e2se cu binele. \u00cen saloane, ducese apelpisite \u0219i avoca\u021bi ambi\u021bio\u0219i, scriitora\u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 scrupule \u0219i genii libertine, masoni (3\/4 din deputa\u021bii st\u0103rii a treia, \u00eencuraja\u021bi de eterna rival\u0103, Anglia) \u0219i ideali\u0219ti utopici se amuzau fantasm\u00e2nd la revolu\u021bie. De la Palais Royal, \u00een plin centrul Parisului, Louis-Philippe d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, care se viseaz\u0103 Ludovic al XVII-lea, \u0219i secretarul lui, Choderlos de Laclos (autorul romanului libertin Leg\u0103turi periculoase, 1782) \u00eentre\u021bin agita\u021bia revolu\u021bionar\u0103. \u00cen plin\u0103 criz\u0103 a gr\u00e2ului, viitorul Filip Egalitate, distribuie bani \u0219i p\u00e2ine parizienilor (aceasta nu-l va scuti s\u0103 fie ghilotinat la r\u00e2ndu-i, \u00een 1793). Trupele sunt \u00een disolu\u021bie, solda\u021bii danseaz\u0103 pe Champs \u00c9lys\u00e9es \u0219i fraternizeaz\u0103 prin c\u00e2rciumi cu poporul. Arhiepiscopul Parisului se refugiaz\u0103 la Versailles. Regele cheam\u0103 deta\u0219amente din provincie, dar, la rug\u0103min\u021bile arhiepiscopului \u0219i, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, \u00eendemnat de propria con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, le porunce\u0219te s\u0103 nu trag\u0103 asupra poporului.<\/p>\n

\"ghilotina

ghilotina Vive la France?!<\/p><\/div>\n

Pe acest fond, \u00een 11 iulie 1789, Regele face gre\u0219eala de a-l demite pe ministrul de finan\u021be, bancherul genevez Necker, idol al opozi\u021biei, ceea ce exacerbeaz\u0103 agita\u021bia revolu\u021bionar\u0103. Necker este repus \u00een func\u021bie \u00een 13 iulie, dar degeaba: nebunia se declan\u0219ase. \u00cen aceea\u0219i zi, poporul r\u0103zvr\u0103tit atac\u0103 Bastilia, citadela medieval\u0103 devenit\u0103 \u00eenchisoare politic\u0103 VIP, unde erau de\u021binu\u021bi doar aristocra\u021bi. La acel moment, Bastilia num\u0103ra doar \u0219apte prizonieri; marchizul de Sade, autorul faimoaselor romane erotice care au consacrat no\u021biunea de \u201csadism\u201d, fusese transferat la \u00eenceputul lunii \u00een alt\u0103 \u00eenchisoare. Se trag doar \u0219apte salve \u00eempotriva Bastiliei, suficient pentru a-l demoraliza pe comandantul acesteia, Bernard Ren\u00e9 Jourdan, marchiz de Launay. Poporul, inflamat de diver\u0219i demagogi, printre care prosperul avocat Danton, voia s\u00e2nge. Trupele fuseser\u0103 retrase, dezertaser\u0103 sau nu aveau ordine clare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 14 iulie, r\u0103zvr\u0103ti\u021bii asalteaz\u0103 Palatul Invalizilor, de unde sustrag 32.000 de pu\u0219ti \u0219i 12 tunuri. Le lipse\u0219te praful de pu\u0219c\u0103, care fusese transferat de la Arsenal la Bastilia. Citadela e \u00eencercuit\u0103 de mul\u021bime (954 de persoane primesc titlul de \u201ccuceritori ai Bastiliei\u201d \u00een 1790; 863 vor primi pensii de revolu\u021bionari p\u00e2n\u0103 prin anii 1830-1848); cuprins de panic\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 ordine ferme, de Launay pred\u0103 Bastilia aproape f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 o apere: garnizoana trage \u00een acea zi o singur\u0103 salv\u0103 de tun. Sunt cobor\u00e2te podurile, iar mul\u021bimea p\u0103trunde \u00een fort\u0103rea\u021b\u0103, distrug\u00e2nd totul \u00een cale. De Launay, r\u0103nit de o lovitur\u0103 de sabie, este transportat spre H\u00f4tel de Ville: pe drum, este maltratat \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, masacrat \u0219i decapitat cu un cu\u021bit de buzunar. Capul lui va defila prin Paris \u00een v\u00e2lful unei suli\u021be, spre satisfac\u021bia poporului revolu\u021bionar. Invalizii care mai r\u0103m\u0103seser\u0103 \u00een Bastilia sunt masacra\u021bi sau sp\u00e2nzura\u021bi, spre bucuria gospodinelor \u0219i a adolescen\u021bilor excita\u021bi de s\u00e2nge. Am sintetizat nara\u021biunea din cartea lui No\u00eblle Destremau, Trois journ\u00e9es pour d\u00e9truire la monarchie: 14 juillet 1789, 6 octobre 1789, 10 ao\u00fbt 1792 (Paris: Nouvelles \u00c9ditions Latines, 1988).<\/p>\n

\"ghilotina

ghilotina Vive la France?!<\/p><\/div>\n

Fericit\u0103 de aceste fapte glorioase, mul\u021bimea se g\u00e2nde\u0219te s\u0103 continue spre Versailles. \u201cNu vrem s\u0103-l judec\u0103m pe Rege, vrem s\u0103-l ucidem\u201d, spunea Danton. \u201cUcide\u021bi porcul\u201d, \u00eendemna elegant Legendre. \u201cTrebuie s\u0103-l condam\u0103m pe loc la moarte, \u00een virtutea dreptului la insurec\u021bie\u201d, credea Robespierre. \u00cen 21 ianuarie 1793, dup\u0103 numeroase atrocit\u0103\u021bi revolu\u021bionare, va c\u0103dea \u0219i capul nefericitului Ludovic XVI. \u00cen drum spre e\u0219afod, Regele strig\u0103: \u201cPoporul meu, mor nevinovat\u201d, dar vocea sa este acoperit\u0103 de tobele puse prompt la treab\u0103. C\u0103l\u0103ilor le spune: \u201cDomnilor, sunt nevinovat de lucrurile de care sunt acuzat. Fie ca s\u00e2ngele meu s\u0103 cimenteze fericirea francezilor!\u201d Regicidul e doar preludiul unei intense terori comuniste, precursoarea ororilor totalitare din secolul XX. \u201cAmicul Poporului\u201d, jurnalistul Jean-Paul Marat, \u00een realitate un \u201cmaniac al crimei\u201d, cum \u00eel nume\u0219te istoricul Pierre Gaxotte (La R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, Paris: Fayard, 1970), \u00eendeamn\u0103 poporul s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i suprime du\u0219manii, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i lichideze victimele, s\u0103 \u00eei atace pe to\u021bi cei care posed\u0103 tr\u0103suri, vale\u021bi sau haine alese. \u201cMasacra\u021bi nobilii, preo\u021bii, boga\u021bii\u201d, \u00eendemna Marat.<\/p>\n

\"ghilotina

ghilotina Vive la France?!<\/p><\/div>\n

Furia revolu\u021bionar\u0103 nu se i\u0302ndreapt\u0103 doar i\u0302mpotriva monarhiei, ci dore\u0219te s\u0103 \u0219tearg\u0103 toate urmele vechiului regim. I\u0302n dorin\u021ba de a face tabula rasa din trecut, revolu\u021bionarii n\u0103v\u0103lesc i\u0302n bazilica Saint Denis, necropol\u0103 regal\u0103, \u0219i dezgroap\u0103 regii Fran\u021bei \u2013 doar Saint Louis nu a fost g\u0103sit. Profanatorii de morminte sunt \u00eens\u0103 profund dezam\u0103gi\u021bi, c\u0103ci se a\u0219teptau s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 i\u0302n sepulcre bijuterii \u0219i coroane, ca recompens\u0103 a deranjului. Or, cape\u021bienii fuseser\u0103 i\u0302nveli\u021bi, goi, i\u0302n lin\u021bolii albe \u2013 simplitate demn\u0103 de regi cre\u0219tini. R\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele regilor \u0219i reginelor Fran\u021bei, vechi de sute de ani sau recente, sunt aruncate de mul\u021bime i\u0302n gropi comune s\u0103pate ad hoc. Episodul din 1 august 1793 este povestit i\u0302n romanul Sire al lui Jean Raspail (Paris: \u00c9d. de Fallois, 1991\/Livre de Poche, 2001).<\/p>\n

Nu era destul. Poporul suveran, adorator al Fiin\u021bei Supreme, trebuia s\u0103 distrug\u0103 pa\u0302n\u0103 la cap\u0103t. A\u0219a se face c\u0103 moa\u0219tele Sfintei Genoveva (c. 422-502), patroana Parisului, care i\u0302mb\u0103rb\u0103tase o\u0219tirile Lute\u021biei pentru a rezista hunului Attila, sunt arse \u0219i aruncate i\u0302n Sena; aurul raclei este topit \u0219i transformat \u00een monede. Povestea o relateaz\u0103, printre al\u021bii, \u0219i Caragiale i\u0302n schi\u021ba \u201cSfa\u0302nta Ghenoveva\u201d. Pup\u0103torii de moa\u0219te n-au mai avut ce s\u0103 pupe.<\/p>\n

\"ghilotina

ghilotina Vive la France?!<\/p><\/div>\n

Dup\u0103 cum probabil a\u021bi ghicit, cred c\u0103 admirabila, m\u0103rea\u021ba, glorioasa, geniala mea Fran\u021b\u0103, patria tuturor perfec\u021biunilor universitare, intelectuale, monastice, artistice, arhitecturale sau chiar gastronomice nu are nimic glorios de celebrat \u00een 14 iulie. Urarea mea este deci simpl\u0103: vive la France \u00e9ternelle!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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